UNICEF Philippines, in collaboration with ThinkPlace Philippines, recently has published groundbreaking research examining child, early, and forced marriage and unions (CEFMU) in Jolo, Sulu, and Bongao, Tawi-Tawi. The study addresses a critical issue affecting the Philippines, where 1 in 6 girls gets married before turning 18, ranking the country 12th globally in absolute numbers of child marriages. Despite legal protections, CEFMU remains deeply entrenched in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), driven by complex socio-cultural, religious, economic, and systemic factors.
The research employed qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with religious leaders, parents, adolescents, educators, and government stakeholders, to understand the persistence of this harmful practice. The study identifies several key drivers: socio-cultural and religious norms that view early marriage as a means to preserve family honor and avoid haram (forbidden practices under Islamic law); economic vulnerabilities and poverty that push families toward early marriages as a perceived solution; and weak enforcement of child protection laws combined with systemic gaps in awareness and implementation of existing protections. These interwoven factors create a challenging landscape where CEFMU continues to rob young people—especially girls—of their childhoods, education, and future opportunities.
Addressing child marriage is not only essential for safeguarding the rights and futures of young people but also aligns with global commitments to achieving gender equality, reducing poverty, and ensuring access to education. The research provides actionable recommendations that can inform policies and interventions to end this practice in the Philippines. ThinkPlace Philippines, a valued member of the French Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the Philippines, brought its expertise in human-centered design and social research to this important collaboration.
The full report is now available and offers critical insights for policymakers, civil society organizations, and communities working to protect children’s rights and end child marriage in the Philippines. Access the complete study at: https://www.unicef.org/philippines/reports/understanding-factors-driving-child-early-and-forced-marriage-and-unions-cefmu